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Re: algal oil and biodiesel
Saturday, October 4, 2008 3:51 AM
From:
"Thész János" <thesz@t-online.hu>
View contact details
To:
"Jim Miller" <jimmiller5417@yahoo.com>
Cc:
"Király Zoltán" <kiralyz@vivamail.hu>, "Boros Béla" <borosbela@invitel.hu>
Dear Mr Miller,

Thank you for your mail.Below is my reponse to your points. (I might be a bit lengthy, but I want to make alldetails clear).
1/. EU (EN) 14214 refers to "conventional" Biodiesel, that is, to Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, and it very much restricts presence of triglycerides in the fuel, under "total glycerine" in the specifications, meant to
represent remainder of feedstock triglycerides and also products of incomplete transesterification with methanol. In the USA the corresponding standard is ASTM D6751.

The crucial point of our fuel is this "Total Glycerine" issuewith regard to EN 14214/ASTM D6751 (all other specs being met). This term refers to "bound glycerol", that is "the glycerol component found in triglyceride (TG), diglyceride (DG) and monoglyceride (MG) compounds". Evidently, TG means the starting oil (= "SVO", that is "Straight Vegetable Oil", with its huge molecular mass, causing high viscosity, appr. 40 cSt in the case of rapeseed oil), whereas DG and MG indicate incomplete transesterification ("partially reacted oil") in the traditional BD processes (these latter causing all sorts of nasty problems afterwards, owing to their free OH groups). So EN 14214/D6751 very seriously limit their presence in the BD fuel, understandably. Now, TBK-Biodiesel itself is 60-70% TG,but a MODIFIED one, with amply reduced molecular mass, resulting in amply diminished viscosity (a drop from 40 cSt to 5-6 cSt, that is meeting EN 14214/ASTM D6751 viscosity standards), our other component being traditional biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, if we use methyl acetate as our transesterifying agent, and fatty acid ethyl ester if we use the 100% green ethyl acetate). So our TG is NOT the same TG as is "banned" in EN 14214/D6751. And as to DG and MG components: theyNEVER ever occur in our fuel, as they (being "partial" alcohols on account of presence of free OH groups in them) are only produced in the process of transesterifying a TG with an alcohol ("alcoholysis"), the alcohol liberating free OH groups from the starting TG, thus producing free glycerol/DG's/MG's. And as we transesterify TG with another ester, so DG and MG simply have no chances of formation. (Note: theoretically there may be some DG and MG present in the starting oil -- owing to spontaneous hydrolysis on contact with water during pressing/storage, this being the cause of presence of free fatty acids as well --, but such MG's and DG's are also esterified to modified TG's in our process with ethyl acetate, liberating free ethanol, which is removed via distillation of surplus ethyl acetate after completion of reaction).

Conclusion: a new standard (specifications) is required for TBK-BD in terms of "total glycerol" (modified TG's being the main component of this novel fuel) and also allowing for ETHYL esters of fatty acids (instead of methyl esters), once we are aiming at a 100% renewable fuel (the only one of its kind thus far). There is no harm in applying for standardization of a new combustible (only it costs money!), as in the course of time new and new materials are bound to appear on markets.

To convince you for good in this regard here are some data:
You may have heard of "Cuphea oil", produced by an indigeneous plant in the US (see my attachment, three slides). This oil (TG) has medium long carboxylic moieties (C8-C10), that is of low molecular mass as compared to "usual" oils, and with a viscosity of 10-12 cSt. Accordingly, thus almost meeting viscosity demands in its unaltered form (usable as SVO).

However, as there are practically no unsaturations in the carboxylic chains -- the more unsaturations you have, the more "liquid" is your TG --, this oil is rather "fatty", that is semi solid at room temperature. So genetic experiments are under way to alter this plant "unsaturation-wise", to make it a perfect "natural" combustible. It will take time to achieve this, there is public resistance to all sorts of genetic manipulations, etc. Now, once this cuphea stuff will be introduced (if ever), a new standard has to be created for it, as it is 100% triglyceride! So: I see no reason why our TBK-BD could not be standardized with its (modified) TG content in no time accordingly, once we have raised funds for the process.

And please calculate: the three medium long chains of cuphea oil approximately add up to the same molecular mass as that of our modified TG (mTG) with its 35-45% long (original) chains and the 55-65% very short ones (introduced, e.g. C2).And add to this, that in the original (retained) chains there is ample unsaturation tobeneficially influence viscosity values of thismTG, that is why our viscosity is just the half (5-6 cSt) of that of cuphea oil !! So, to be a bit immodest, we are ahead of our time with this new stuff of ours! And once we get BD producers (or any investor for that matter) understand this, we will be "unbeatable" and destined to success. So to that end would we require a helping hand in the USA (on strictly business grounds, naturally) to promote the thing. The best solution to my mind would be to win over to our side an active BD producer, experiencing the serious drawbacks of conventional BD manufacture, such as the glycerol issue, and grasping at once the numerous merits of our stuff -- and thus willing to invest into its advancement.

2/. Algal oil extraction: it seems you have sold this problem in an unique way. However, if there is any residual oil adheredto the cell walls, etc. it can well be removed (extracted) with ethyl acetate, our transesterifying reactant, once you choose our process for producing fuel (this oil extraction you cannot perform with methanol of the conventional biodiesel processes, as methanol is immiscible with algal oil).

3/. Geothermal sites: Hungary is especially well endowed with such gifts of nature. Once youinform us on required parameters for algae production (in temperate zones of Central Europe), we might enquire locally to that end. However, it would be best if we could couple this withthe simultaneous introduction ofour TBK-BD fuel. So again, if you could arouse the attention of a US BD producer/investor concerning our stuff that would be a real win-win situation.

4/. Please note that the threeof us (inventors)are private individuals with respect to TBK-BD, with no common company. However, if need be we could form one in no time, to promote the thing. As regards "lack of funds", you are quite right: we would need some covering the costs of completely specifying TBK-BD, preferably by the US-based ASTM, as their data are accepted world wide. (As a matter of fact, this step is indispensable for promoting our stuff/process, to demonstrate to potential investors the viability of the fuel. Economics-wise we have made our calculations, and we are 8-10% "better" (that is, with that muchlower production costs) than conventional BD producers (not to mention now the glycerol/sewage, etc. issues/attached costs)

5/. Syn gas/biochar: can be well produced from biomass, but at what cost? They are both energy-intensive processes, with many technological steps, significantly raising construction/operational costs.

6/. Cooperation: it seems we both need demonstrating to the world the viability of our respective processes, both economically and technologically. Fund raising to such ends is quite onerous here in Hungary (hardly any venture capital available, so we are applying for all sorts of small grants from the state, etc. Not the real thing.) As conventional BD production is down in the EU owing to the "fuel versus food" debate, as long as algal sources are not abundantly available, the BD issue is not likely to improve. But once we have the algal oil, the advantages of TBK-BD over traditional BD may become quickly evident for the players.

7/. If it is in your interest to link your process with ours --since your algal oil could well be used by traditional fuel producers as well -- only thenshould we work out means and ways of cooperation. Of course, we would also be glad if you could promote our invention quite independently from yours with US fuel producers/investors, etc., on business grounds, naturally. Ideally, the procedure would be like this: finding a willing partner over there for reproducing our process on a lab-scale, then scaling-up for producing that much volumes of TBK-BD asare required for specifications, motor-tests, field tests, etc. Then erecting a pilot plant for demonstration purposes and fixing technological parameters,and so on.

8/. Similarly, to promote your method here in the EU we would need specs of your oil, a running pilot plant, a feasibility study concerning economics, farming/harvesting parameters, side-product/waste disposal methods, etc.

9/. Your background would certainly suffice for managing both projects and related enterprises. I am also attaching my resume (and also those of my co-inventors) for your kind attention, and also our brochure on TBK-BD, which you may use for constructing a wikiwebsite, along with the contents and attachments of my messages to yourself. (Please note: the "Cuphea" attachment is not our property as I downloaded it from the net.)

Well, please think the thing over and kindly inform us of your ideas.

With regards,

J. Thesz
----- Original Message -----
From: Jim Miller
Sent: Saturday, October 04, 2008 7:39 AM
Subject: algal oil and biodiesel

AlgalOilDiesel, LLP 530 NW 13th St. Corvallis, OR 97330 Wired:: 541-757-9797 Wireless: 541-971-0403 Skype: jimmiller 5417 Email: jimmiller5417@yahoo.com


October 3, 2008
Mr. Jˆhnos Thˆ¤sz TBK-Biodiesel Budapest/Hungary Email: "Thˆmsz Jˆhnos" <thesz@t-online.hu> T: (+36)12263702

Re: International patent pending (WO2008096187
Thank you for your email letter of this date. Your process is very interesting. I will look forward to getting a copy of the independent laboratory testing of the resulting biodiesel under EU 14214.
Our two companies could well be compatible. Our focus was initially on how to grow algae but soon changed to extraction of algal oil from Chlorella vulgaris. You can see some of our results by reading the pages of our wikiweb, http://algaloildiesel.wetpaint.com. You will note that the cell bomb process to open the 25 micron spherical cell of Chlorella (process N. 15 in the process list) remains a trade secret. See: http://algaloildiesel.wetpaint.com/page/Process+steps+for+extraction+of+algal+oil.

The concept of a cell bomb has been in the public domain for many years and was my starting point. Thus far, I have not found any study which uses the cell bomb technology on the massive scale needed to open quadrillions of cells, very quickly and at low energy use. I have discovered how to accomplish this huge scale-up operation and have the process in the schematic stage.

Your production technology solves the glycerol waste problem. I too, have solved it, in a sense. It has some basic uses such as a spreading on dirt farm roads as a dust palliative or incorporating into composting operations. My current intent is to use it as nutrient for the algae. However, since your process can avoid the production of glycerol in the first place, it is to be preferred over standard transesterification. Congratulations.

As to collaboration, I'm very much in favor of exchanging ideas. In May of this year I flew to Bucharest, Romania, and consulted with an investor who was interested in algal oil as a replacement feedstock for seed oil and in producing biodiesel. Prior to the trip, I investigated geothermal sites along the western border of Romania and found numerous ¡§hot spots¡¨. A local real estate agent found some likely sites which were also good farm lands. I suppose there are geothermal sites in Hungary which would be ideal for co-location of the algae farm and the biodiesel production site. I am currently exploring geothermal sites in the U.S. and have found many suitable locations. There are mostly likely many more to find.

I was recently contacted by an inventor in Illinois who has a middle eastern contact with an agent for hedge fund managers, who is also a chemical engineer. The fund managers are interested in algal oil as a feedstock for biodiesel. Because of the liquidity crisis, that source of funding is probably on hold.

I assume your company is facing the same lack of funding as ours. While we have really great and creditable ideas and maybe some lab work on them, as yet no substantial pilot plant has proven that our ideas work at large scale. We both need to build the pilot plant on a scale which will encourage substantial investment in the larger, operating plant of say, 30 million gallons of biodiesel per year.
I honor your research and progress toward green energy. You are very correct in asserting that transesterification with methanol or ethanol is not all that ¡§green¡¨. We have a great deal in common on creating a small carbon (fossil fuel) footprint for our products. I am also currently tracking the technology in producing syngas and biochar. http://algaloildiesel.wetpaint.com/page/SYNGAS+AND+BIOCHAR
To being our collaboration, we might easily do so by using a wikiweb as our joint collaboration site. I suggest Wetpaint.com. It is free (with ads) or can be ad free for low cost. I can set it up. We can keep the site private for our use only. Any really sensitive materials can be encrypted and copied to a CD and sent by surface mail.

I suggest a goal for a joint enterprise, that of two, farm sized, pilot plants, one in the U.S. and one in Hungary. I can probably get USAID to help finance the one in Hungary or even Romania. Locating at a proven geothermal site would be highly advantageous because of the ¡§free¡¨ heat needed to keep the water in the algae ponds at 72 degrees F. We will need to demonstrate that the pilot plant, itself, has financial value as a ¡§local¡¨ point of processing algae and biodiesel. The idea would be for a local algal oil processing plan to process algae grown my many local farmers who form a co-operative business. One pilot plant could serve an entire community of, say, 5000 people, with biodiesel.

We need to think about different scales of plants for different markets and different location. We will need to have some tentative locations, land prices and plant capital, start-up and operational costs. I have some of this information for such plants as would be built in western United States. You would presumable obtain the same type of information for a plant in Hungary.

When we have these costs well documented, I can start writing applications for grants and loans. These basic documents will act as templates which can be modified to fit the circumstances of a specific investor or lender. Thus, we can attract investments from th US as well as EU.
I have a back ground in construction project management and would be the project manger for both plants, to be built in sequence. I have also a substantial background in law and in real estate development, which will be very useful in managing the individual projects as well as the joint venture itself. My resumes are at: http://algaloildiesel.wetpaint.com/page/RESUMES+OF+JAMES+E.+MILLER

If you are agreeable to starting the wikiwebsite, please let me know of the content you have to contribute. We might consider having the wikiweb display each page in English and Hungarian and any other languages as may be appropriate.

We look forward to more discussion on the joint venture. I would appreciate having your resume.
Sincerely yours,

James E. Miller, BA, BS, JD
hasEML = true;
Forwarded Message: TBK-BD resumes of inventors.mht
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Born: 1949 - Budapest, Hungary
Married with two children (28 & 30)
Lives in Budapest, self-employed at TRANSCHEM Chemical Consultancy Services as Chief Consultant, working out new routes in chemical technologies, coordinating implementation of the same (in Hungary/Taiwan/India). Specialist in organic synthesis, organofluorides & pesticide chemistry.

Degrees:
  • B. Sc. (Chem.Eng.) 1979, Budapest Technical University
  • M. Sc. (Chemistry) 1983, Budapest Technical University

Employment:
  • 1972-1977 Laboratory Assistant at Chemicals and Explosives Supervisory Board
  • 1977-1979 Laboratory Assistant at Institute of Enzymology
  • 1979-1987 laboratory Manager at Chinoin Pharmaceutical Works
  • 1987-1991 Deputy R&D Manager at Chemicals and Explosives Supervisory Board
  • 1991-1994 R&D Manager at Budapest Chemical Works
  • 1994BIODIESEL PROCESSING - ALGALOILDIESEL, LLP forms own company

Patents:
BIODIESEL PROCESSING - ALGALOILDIESEL, LLP1. HU 197 292 (GB 2 178 030, DE 3 619 294, FR 2 583 045)
BIODIESEL PROCESSING - ALGALOILDIESEL, LLP2. HU 209 385
BIODIESEL PROCESSING - ALGALOILDIESEL, LLP4. Febr. 06, 2007 (P0700128), Patent Pending
BIODIESEL PROCESSING - ALGALOILDIESEL, LLP5. March 01, 2007 (P0700187) Patent Pending
BIODIESEL PROCESSING - ALGALOILDIESEL, LLP6. PCT/HU 2008/00013

Publications:
  • Eur. J. Biochem. 1979: 99 (2): 309.313
  • Eur. J. Biochem. 1980: 105(2): 387-393